Editing Water supply and sanitation in South Africa (section)

===Wastewater reuse===
In South Africa, the main driver for [[water reuse|wastewater reuse]] is drought conditions.<ref name="Meeker" /> For example, in [[Beaufort West]], South Africa's a direct wastewater reclamation plant (WRP) for the production of drinking water was constructed in the end of 2010, as a result of acute [[water scarcity]] (production of 2,300 m<sup>3</sup> per day).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/146252.pdf|title=Risk Assessment for South Africa's first direct wastewater reclamation system for drinking water production|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imesa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Paper-6.pdf|title=Beaufort West Water Reclamation Plant: First Direct (Toilet-to-Tap) Water Reclamation Plant in South Africa|access-date=29 July 2016|archive-date=13 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913233740/http://www.imesa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Paper-6.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The process configuration based on multi-barrier concept and includes the following treatment processes: sand filtration, [[Ultrafiltration|UF]], two-stage [[Reverse osmosis|RO]], and permeate disinfected by [[ultraviolet light]] (UV).

The town [[George, Western Cape|George]] faced water shortages and had decided on an [[Reclaimed water#Planned potable reuse|IPR]] strategy (2009/2010), where final effluents from its Outeniqua WWTP are treated to a very high quality through UF and disinfection prior to being returned to the main storage facility, the Garden Route Dam, where they are combined with current raw water supplies. This initiative augments the existing supply by 10,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> per day, approximately one third of the drinking water demand. The process configuration includes the following treatment processes: drum screen, UF, and chlorine disinfection. Provision has been made for powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition at George WTW, if required as an additional operational barrier.<ref name="Meeker">{{cite journal|last2=Meeker|first2=Melissa|last3=Minton|first3=Julie|last4=O'Donohue|first4=Mark|date=4 September 2015|title=International research agency perspectives on potable water reuse|journal=Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology|language=en|volume=1|issue=5|pages=563–580|doi=10.1039/C5EW00165J|issn=2053-1419|last1=Burgess|first1=Jo|url=https://zenodo.org/record/897658}}</ref>

Another example of DPR is the reuse plant constructed and operated in the town [[Hermanus]] (Overberg) in South Africa, where now 2,500&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> per day of effluent reused, with a future plan to increase the capacity to 5,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> per day. The treatment processes applied include UF pre-treatment, [[Desalination|RO desalination]], as well as [[Oxidation|advanced oxidation]] and [[carbon filtration]]. The product from the reuse plant is fed directly into the drinking water reticulation system.<ref name="Meeker" />